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Laozi

63

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為無為,事無事,味無味。 大小多少,報怨以德。 圖難於其易,為大於其細; 天下難事,必作於易,天下大事,必作於細。 是以聖人終不為大,故能成其大。 夫輕諾必寡信,多易必多難。 是以聖人猶難之,故終無難矣。

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James Legge

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(It is the way of the Tao) to act without (thinking of) acting; to conduct affairs without (feeling the) trouble of them; to taste without discerning any flavour; to consider what is small as great, and a few as many; and to recompense injury with kindness.

(The master of it) anticipates things that are difficult while they are easy, and does things that would become great while they are small. All difficult things in the world are sure to arise from a previous state in which they were easy, and all great things from one in which they were small. Therefore the sage, while he never does what is great, is able on that account to accomplish the greatest things.

He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith; he who is continually thinking things easy is sure to find them difficult. Therefore the sage sees difficulty even in what seems easy, and so never has any difficulties.

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Victor H. Mair

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Act through nonaction, Handle affairs through noninterference, Taste what has no taste, Regard the small as great, the few as many, Repay resentment with integrity. Undertake difficult tasks by approaching what is easy in them; Do great deeds by focusing on their minute aspects. All difficulties under heaven arise from what is easy, All great things under heaven arise from what is minute. For this reason, The sage never strives to do what is great. Therefore, He can achieve greatness. One who lightly assents will seldom be believed; One who thinks everything is easy will encounter much difficulty. For this reason, Even the sage considers things difficult. Therefore, In the end he is without difficulty.

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C. Spurgeon Medhurst

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Practice non-action. [^1] Be concerned with non-concern. [^2] Taste the flavorless. Account the small as great, and the few as many. [^3] For hatred return perfection. [^4]

Manipulate difficulties while they are easy. Take in hand great things while they are insignificant. Every difficult thing in the world had its origin in what was at first easy. Every great thing in the world was once insignificant. Therefore the Holy Man makes no distinctions and thus he is able to accomplish that which is great. [^5]

Small faith can be placed in promises lightly made. [^6]

The easier a matter is reckoned the more difficult it proves at the last; [^7] for this reason the

[paragraph continues] Holy Man sees difficulties in everything, and therefore he encounters no difficulties.

The man who has tasted the flavor of the flavorless, in which all flavors are concealed, is detached and free; he regards everything as alike great and alike small; as equally difficult and equally easy; neither careless nor indifferent; undertaking the most difficult tasks with ease, yet not overlooking the difficulties involved in the easiest affairs, he completes the greatest without difficulty. Living in the eternal, he neither cleaves to this, nor swerves from that.

This is the ideal life!

”What you do not wish others to do unto you, do not do unto them,” said Confucius. Of Buddha it is recorded that he said, “A man who foolishly does me wrong I will return to him the protection of my ungrudging love; the more evil comes from him, the more good shall go from me.” “He who beareth no ill-will to any being, friendly and compassionate, without attachment and egoism, balanced in pleasure and pain, and forgiving, ever content, harmonious, with the self controlled, resolute, with Manas and Buddhi dedicated to Me, he, My devotee, is dear to Me,” was one of Krishna’s instructions to Arjuna. In an earlier section Lao-tzu wrote “I would return good for good. I would also return good for evil.” In a similar spirit Jesus said to His disciples “Resist not him that is evil; but whosoever smiteth thee on thy right cheek, return to him the other also. Love your enemies, and pray for them that persecute you.”

The same commands confront us, no matter to what religious Teacher we turn. By each we are told to rise above the love which is personal, whose shadow is hate, to the love which is universal, in which there is no room for hate; then we are bid rise still higher to the Love which is impersonal, which, because it identifies itself with All, is a segment of the circle which unites the divinity of man with the humanity of God, which sees greatness in the smallest and knows no distinctions. It promises nothing without a full sense of its responsibility. It is prepared for every difficulty, therefore It is able to meet hatred and misrepresentation with PERFECTION.

[^1] vide Manual iv, p. 65 et seq.

[^2] cf. I Pet. v, 7. Matt. vi, 25-34.

[^3] Because there is “nothing either great or small.”

[^4] “For hatred return perfection,” i.e. avoid any emotion which will create in fellow-beings “any of the emotions on the side of hate and vice.” Be “as gold that melts and becomes the purer the more it is exposed to the fire.” “Perfection” is another rendering of the Chinese character elsewhere translated “energy.” It includes all the attributes of the Tao.

[^5] He recognizes no distinctions such as important and unimportant. The text might be rendered “Therefore the Holy Man does not attempt great things, and on that account he is able to accomplish the greatest.”

[^6] “The Master said ‘He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good.‘”—Confucian Analects, xiv, 21.

[^7] The Empress Dowager of China, who has for so many years ruled China, in the teeth of almost insuperable difficulties, affords a good illustration of the truth of this chapter. Ku-hung-ming, a bright, well educated Chinaman, who took his M.A. in Edinburgh, thus describes the Empress on p. 13 of his “Papers From a Viceroy’s Yamen.”—She is “neither anti-foreign nor pro-foreign, neither reactionary nor progressive.” This evenly balanced mentality enabled her to hold her own amid the conflicting interests and intrigues of the Pekingese Court.

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Ursula K. Le Guin

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Do without doing. Act without action. Savor the flavorless. Treat the small as large, the few as many.

Meet injury with the power of goodness.

Study the hard while it’s easy. Do big things while they’re small. The hardest jobs in the world start out easy, the great affairs of the world start small.

So the wise soul, by never dealing with great things, gets great things done.

Now, since taking things too lightly makes them worthless, and taking things too easy makes them hard, the wise soul, by treating the easy as hard, doesn’t find anything hard.

Note UKLG: Waley says that this charmingly complex chapter plays with two proverbs. “Requite injuries with good deeds” is the first. The word te, here meaning goodness or good deeds, is the same word Lao Tzu uses for the Power of the Way. (“Power is goodness,” he says in chapter 49.) So, having neatly annexed the Golden Rule, he goes on to the proverb about “taking things too lightly” and plays paradox with it.

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